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Users of Neo-Latin have taken the Latin language to places the Romans never went; hence a need arose to make Latin names of cities that did not exist when Latin was a living language. ==Strategies for constructing Latin names== Little is known about how Romans adapted foreign place names to Latin form, but there is evidence of the practices of Bible translators. They reworked some names into Latin or Greek shapes; in one version, ''Yerushalem'' (tentative reconstruction of a more ancient Hebrew version of the name) becomes ''Hierosolyma'', doubtless influenced by Greek ἱερος (''hieros''), "holy". Others were adopted directly, often treating the new place names as indeclinable nouns; here ''Yerushalem'' is brought over as ''Ierusalem'', with the Latin ''I'' being pronounced as an English ''Y'' sound and the /sh/ being transliterated to the closest Latin sound, /s/. () Similar strategies are used for places beyond those known to the Roman Empire: * A classical ending such as -''um'' or -''a'' is added or substituted on the end of the source word. Hence ''Baltimorum'' for "Baltimore," ''Albania'' for "Albany." * The word may already be in Latin or Greek form: ''Indianapolis'', ''Cincinnati'', ''Atlanta''. * Calques are resorted to if the New World name is based on an Old World name; the various ''Paris''es in the United States are likely to become ''Lutetia'', and ''Novum Eboracum'' or ''Neo-Eboracum'' represents ''New York'', because ''Eboracum'' is the city of York in England. * The words are respelled to eliminate non-Latin letters; hence ''Washington'' becomes ''Vasingtonium''. There is no W in Latin, but in classical Latin, "V" is pronounced as an English "W". * The words are adjusted to fit Latin declensions: ''Kansas'' appears as either ''Cansas, Cansatis'' or ''Cansa, Cansae''; ''Chicago'', ''Ohio'', and ''Idaho'' become consonant stems, with genitives ''Chicagonis'', ''Ohionis'', ''Idahonis'', &c., by analogy with many Latin nouns whose nominative form ends in ''o''. * The words are re-interpreted to fit Latin declensions; ''Illinois'' is treated as a third-declension noun. * If the city is named for a specific thing, and especially if its name is a Romance language word or phrase, it may be directly translated into Latin. For example, the Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles is called ''Diocesis Angelorum'' in Latin, "Diocese of (the) angels". * On the other hand, in some dioceses the church chose to simply apply a Latin locational suffix to the existing name; the diocese of Des Moines, Iowa is simply ''Dioecesis Desmoinensis''. * The words are treated as indeclinable, like some Biblical names; ''Connecticut'' is sometimes treated this way. In many cases, there is no consensus as to how to treat any given names, and variants exist. A town which is the site of a university or an episcopal see is more likely to have a standard form hallowed by usage. Note that names of cities are usually feminine in gender in Latin, even if they end in ''–us''. This rule is not always strictly observed in the New World. ===Note on word endings=== Latin being an inflected language, names in a Latin context may have different word-endings to those shown here, which are given in the nominative case. For instance ''Roma'' (Rome) may appear as ''Romae'' meaning "at Rome" (locative), "of Rome" (genitive) or "to/for Rome" (dative), as ''Romam'' meaning "Rome" as a direct object (accusative), or indeed as ''Romā'' with a long ''a'', probably not indicated in the orthography, meaning "by, with or from Rome" (ablative). Similarly names ending in ''-um'' or ''-us'' may occur with ''-i'' or ''-o'', and names ending in ''-us'' may occur with ''-um''. The words ''urbs'' and ''civitas'' may occur as ''urbis'', ''urbi'', or ''urbe'', and ''civitatis'', ''civitati'' or ''civitate''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Latin names of cities」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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